Aythya nyroca
The ferruginous duck is a rare and vulnerable species at European level, for which Romania, and especially the Danube Delta, represents one of the most important breeding habitats in the world. It is a small diving duck, preferring areas with rich vegetation over open water.
The plumage is dark chestnut-red, uniform over the whole body. It is distinguished by its white iris (in males), which gives it an intense gaze. Under the tail it has a very visible triangular white patch when the bird is floating. In flight, the wings reveal a broad white band.
Prefers shallow lakes rich in submerged and emergent vegetation, and marsh areas with dense reed beds. In the Delta, it breeds in dispersed colonies on floating mats. It is a migratory species, arriving in March–April and leaving southwards in October.
It is a rather retiring bird, often staying close to the edge of the reeds. It hunts by diving, feeding on seeds of aquatic plants, but also on snails, insects or small amphibians. It takes off from the water more easily than other diving ducks.
Nests in dense vegetation, on floating mats. The nest is hidden in reed beds or floating vegetation. Arrives March–April, departs south in October.
Classified as "Near Threatened" (NT). The global decline has been caused by wetland degradation and accidental hunting. The Danube Delta remains a crucial stronghold for this species, requiring strict habitat protection measures.